Score:   1
Docket Number:   ED-MI  2:19-cr-20520
Case Name:   United States of America v. Grimes
  Press Releases:
Gary Jones, the former President of the international United Auto Workers union, was charged today in a Criminal Information with conspiring with other UAW officials to embezzle over $1 million of UAW dues money, to furthering racketeering activity, and to evading taxes announced U.S. Attorney Matthew Schneider.

Joining in the announcement were Irene Lindow, Special Agent in Charge of the U.S. Department of Labor – Office of Inspector General, Steven M. D’Antuono, Special Agent in Charge of the Detroit, Michigan office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Sarah Kull, Special Agent in Charge of the Detroit, Michigan office of the Internal Revenue Service – Criminal Investigations, and Thomas Murray, District Director, U.S. Department of Labor – Office of Labor-Management Standards.

Gary Jones, 62, of Canton, Michigan, is charged with conspiring to embezzle UAW dues money and conspiring to use a facility of interstate commerce to aid racketeering crimes between 2010 and September 2019.  He is also charged with conspiring to defraud the United States by evading the payment of taxes on embezzled funds and causing the UAW to file false tax returns during the same period of time. 

Between June 2018 and November 2019, Jones served as the President of the International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace, and Agricultural Workers of America (“UAW”).  The UAW represents over 400,000 active members and over 580,000 retired members in more than 600 local unions across the United States.  Prior to serving as UAW President, Jones was the Director of UAW Region 5 and a member of the UAW’s International Executive Board from October 2012 through June 2018.  The UAW’s Region 5 is headquartered in Hazelwood, Missouri, and covers the tens of thousands of UAW members in Missouri and the sixteen states to the southwest, including California and Texas.        

The Criminal Information charges that Jones conspired with at least six other senior UAW officials in a multiyear conspiracy to embezzle money from the UAW for the personal benefit of Jones and other senior UAW officials.  Jones and other UAW officials concealed personal expenditures in the cost of UAW Region 5 conferences held in Palm Springs, California, Coronado, California, and Missouri.  Between 2010 and 2018, Jones and other UAW officials submitted fraudulent expense forms seeking reimbursement from the UAW’s Detroit headquarters for expenditures supposedly incurred in connection with Region 5 leadership and training conferences.  In truth, however, Jones and his co-conspirators used the conferences to conceal the hundreds of thousands of dollars in UAW funds spent on lavish entertainment and personal spending for the conspirators. 

The Information charges that Jones and other senior UAW officials used UAW money to pay for personal expenses, including golf clubs, private villas, cigars, golfing apparel, green fees at golf courses, and high-end liquor and meals costing over $750,000 in UAW funds.  For example, in just one of the years of the conspiracy, Jones is charged with ordering over $13,000 in cigars for the use of high-level UAW officials.    

Besides using the UAW conferences to conceal the fraudulent use of UAW money for personal expenses, Jones is charged with assisting in a conspiracy to embezzle UAW funds from the UAW’s Midwest CAP.  The UAW Midwest CAP is one of the UAW’s many Community Action Programs.  Jones is charged with accepting over $60,000 in cash from co-conspirator Edward Robinson who cashed over $500,000 in fraudulent UAW Midwest CAP checks and embezzled money from the UAW Labor Employment Training Corporation.       

Besides conspiring with other UAW officials to embezzle UAW funds, Jones is also charged with conspiring with UAW officials to defraud the United States by impeding the Internal Revenue Service in the collection of taxes from Jones and other UAW officials.  The conspirators also caused the UAW to file false tax returns with the IRS. 

Based on each of the two counts of conspiracy, Jones faces a maximum of five years in prison and a fine of up to $250,000.

A Criminal Information is only a charge and is not evidence of guilt. 

Jones is the fourteenth defendant to be charged in connection with the ongoing criminal investigation into corruption within the UAW or relating to illegal payoffs to UAW officials by FCA executives.  The following individuals have already pleaded guilty to their participation in the scheme and have been sentenced:  former FCA Vice President for Employee Relations Alphons Iacobelli (66 months in prison), former FCA Financial Analyst Jerome Durden (15 months in prison), former Director of FCA’s Employee Relations Department Michael Brown (12 months in prison), former senior UAW officials Virdell King (60 days in prison), Keith Mickens (12 months in prison), Nancy A. Johnson (12 months in prison), Monica Morgan, the widow of UAW Vice President General Holiefield (18 months in prison), former UAW Vice President Norwood Jewell (15 months in prison), and former senior UAW official Michael Grimes (28 moths).  In addition, the following UAW officials have pleaded guilty and are awaiting sentencing:  former UAW Vice President Joseph Ashton, former senior UAW official Jeffrey “Paycheck” Pietrzyk, former UAW Region 5 Director UAW Board member Vance Pearson, and former UAW Midwest CAP President Edward “Nick” Robinson.           

U.S. Attorney Schneider commended the outstanding work of the Internal Revenue Service – Criminal Investigations, the U.S. Department of Labor – Office of Labor-Management Standards and Office of Inspector General, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation in conducting a comprehensive criminal investigation into labor corruption activities involving a vital sector of the local and national economy.

“The charges today demonstrate our continuing progress towards restoring honest leadership for the over 400,000 men and women of the UAW,” said United States Attorney Matthew Schneider.  “The union’s leaders must be dedicated to serving their members and not serving themselves.” 

“An important mission of the Office of Inspector General is to investigate allegations of labor racketeering and corruption within labor unions. We will continue to work with our law enforcement partners to investigate these types of allegations,” stated Irene Lindow, Special Agent-in-Charge, Chicago Region, U.S. Department of Labor Office of Inspector General.

"While union corruption is not new, each instance slowly undermines the trust members have in their organization. In order for unions to be effective, their members must trust their leadership to do what is best for the entire union and not just for themselves. In this case, that trust has been broken over and over again," said SAC D'Antuono. "While today represents a significant development in this investigation, it does not represent its end. Our work on this case will continue until we are satisfied that everyone who should answer for these crimes is brought to justice."

“Honest and hardworking UAW members are fed up with the likes of those who use deceit and fraud to line their pockets with other people’s money," Internal Revenue Service – Criminal Investigation Special Agent in Charge Sarah Kull said. "IRS-CI enforces the nation's tax laws, but also takes particular interest in cases where someone, for their own personal benefit, has taken what belonged to others”. 

 “Today’s information alleges an outrageous abuse of power and misuse of former President Gary Jones’ position of trust to enrich himself and other officers within the UAW at the expense of the UAW’s hardworking members,” said Thomas Murray, District Director, U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Labor-Management Standards.  “This information leaves no question as to the agency’s commitment to seek justice when anyone puts personal financial gain ahead of the best interests of union members.”

The case is being prosecuted by Assistant U.S. Attorneys David A. Gardey, Steven Cares, and Adriana Dydell.

Edward “Nick” Robinson, the former President of the United Auto Workers Midwest CAP and the former Director of the UAW Labor and Employment Training Corporation, pleaded guilty today to conspiring with other UAW officials to embezzle over $1 million of UAW dues money and to defraud the United States by evading the payment of taxes announced U.S. Attorney Matthew Schneider.

Joining in the announcement were Irene Lindow, Special Agent in Charge of the U.S. Department of Labor – Office of Inspector General, Steven M. D’Antuono, Special Agent in Charge of the Detroit, Michigan office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Sarah Kull, Special Agent in Charge of the Detroit, Michigan office of the Internal Revenue Service – Criminal Investigations, and Thomas Murray, District Director, U.S. Department of Labor – Office of Labor-Management Standards.

Edward “Nick” Robinson, 72, of Kirkwood, Missouri, pleaded guilty to conspiring to embezzle UAW dues money between 2010 and September 2019.  Between at least 2010 and September 2019, Robinson served as the President of the UAW’s Midwest CAP of Region 5 of the International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace, and Agricultural Workers of America (“UAW”).  The UAW Midwest CAP is one of the UAW’s Community Action Program Councils which are supported through UAW dues money.  The UAW’s Region 5 is headquartered in Hazelwood, Missouri, and covers the tens of thousands of UAW members in Missouri and the sixteen states to the southwest, including California and Texas.  Robinson also served as the Assistant to the President of the UAW Labor and Employment Training Corporation headquartered in Hazelwood, Missouri.  The UAW-LETC was supposed to provide workforce training and development programs.      

During the plea hearing, Robinson admitted that he conspired with at least six other senior UAW officials in a multiyear conspiracy to embezzle money from the UAW for the personal benefit of Robinson and other senior UAW officials.  Robinson and other UAW officials concealed personal expenditures in the cost of UAW Region 5 conferences held in Palm Springs, California, Coronado, California, and Missouri.  Between 2010 and 2018, other UAW officials submitted fraudulent expense forms seeking reimbursement from the UAW’s Detroit headquarters for expenditures supposedly incurred in connection with Region 5 leadership and training conferences.  In truth, however, Robinson and his co-conspirators used the conferences to conceal the hundreds of thousands of dollars in UAW funds spent on lavish entertainment and personal spending for the conspirators. 

For example, Robinson and other senior UAW officials used UAW money to buy sets of golf clubs, individual clubs, and other golf equipment that cost thousands of dollars.  They spent over $100,000 to purchase golf clothing, shirts, hats, sunglasses, golf balls, jackets, and fashion shorts from various pro shops at golf courses in California and Missouri.  And they spent tens of thousands of dollars in UAW funds at the Indian Canyons golf course in Palm Springs on green fees for golfing outside of the time of the UAW conferences.

As part of the conspiracy, Robinson and his co-conspirators embezzled over $60,000 in UAW funds for the purchase of boxes of cigars, humidors, cigar cutting equipment, and lighters from 2014 to 2018.  The costs of the cigars were hidden within the expenses for the Region 5 conferences.  Pearson caused the UAW to file false reports with the Department of Labor wherein the various embezzlement activity was concealed.

During search warrants executed by federal law enforcement in August 2019 in connection with the investigation, agents recovered dozens of cigars, humidors, and other tobacco-related items in the personal residences of UAW officials.  In addition, agents seized hundreds of high-end bottles of liquor, hundreds of golf shirts, multiple sets of golf clubs, and over thirty thousand dollars in cash.  Agents seized sets of golf clubs from the homes and offices of UAW officials which were paid for with embezzled UAW funds.

Besides using the UAW conferences to conceal the fraudulent use of UAW money for personal expenses, Robinson also wrote over $500,000 in fraudulent checks from the UAW Midwest CAP account.  Robinson then turned these checks into cash and kept some of the money for himself, shared some with other UAW officials, or spent the money on personal expenses to benefit himself and other high-level UAW officials.     

Besides conspiring with other UAW officials to embezzle UAW funds, Robinson also conspired with other UAW officials to defraud the United States by impeding the Internal Revenue Service in the collection of taxes from Robinson and other UAW officials.

Based on each of his embezzlement and tax fraud conspiracy convictions, Robinson faces a maximum of five years in prison and a fine of up to $250,000.

As part of his guilty plea, Robinson agreed to pay $42,000 in restitution to the Internal Revenue Service owed on his own personal taxes.  In addition, the court will determine additional restitution at the time of sentencing based on the embezzlement of UAW funds.           

Robinson is the thirteenth defendant to plead guilty in connection with the ongoing criminal investigation into illegal payoffs to UAW officials by FCA executives and corruption within the UAW itself.  The following individuals have already pleaded guilty to their participation in the scheme and have been sentenced:  former FCA Vice President for Employee Relations Alphons Iacobelli (66 months in prison), former FCA Financial Analyst Jerome Durden (15 months in prison), former Director of FCA’s Employee Relations Department Michael Brown (12 months in prison), former senior UAW officials Virdell King (60 days in prison), Keith Mickens (12 months in prison), Nancy A. Johnson (12 months in prison), Monica Morgan, the widow of UAW Vice President General Holiefield (18 months in prison), former UAW Vice President Norwood Jewell (15 months in prison), and former senior UAW official Michael Grimes (28 moths).  In addition, the following UAW officials have pleaded guilty and are awaiting sentencing:  former UAW Vice President Joseph Ashton and former senior UAW official Jeffrey “Paycheck” Pietrzyk.           

U.S. Attorney Schneider commended the outstanding work of the Internal Revenue Service – Criminal Investigations, the U.S. Department of Labor – Office of Labor-Management Standards and Office of Inspector General, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation in conducting a comprehensive criminal investigation into labor corruption activities involving a vital sector of the local and national economy.

“Our office will never tolerate the abuse of union funds for the benefit of corrupt union officials,” said United States Attorney Matthew Schneider.  “We will continue our work until the men and women of the UAW have confidence that their union leadership is serving and advancing their interests — instead of the personal interests of union bosses.”

“Robinson conspired with senior UAW officials to embezzle more than $1,000,000 in order to personally enrich himself at the expense of the hard-working men and women of the UAW.  We will continue to work with our law enforcement partners to protect the financial integrity of labor organizations," stated Irene Lindow, Special Agent-in-Charge, Chicago Region, U.S. Department of Labor Office of Inspector General.

“It is hard to discuss the criminal behavior of these UAW executives without acknowledging the damage it has done to the faith union members have in their leadership,” said Steven M. D’Antuono, Special Agent in Charge of the FBI’s Detroit Field Office. “The FBI stands committed to these types of investigations in order to restore the union to its core purpose of negotiating for and protecting the rights of its hard-working members who put their trust in their union officials.”

“Robinson not only defrauded his union members for ten years, he also defrauded the American people by causing false tax returns to be filed and not paying his fair share.” stated Special Agent in Charge, Sarah Kull of the Internal Revenue Service – Criminal Investigation. “Today’s guilty plea shows a tremendous lack of ethical character and greed.”  

“Instead of serving the interests of his fellow UAW members, Edward Robinson executed elaborate schemes to embezzle hundreds of thousands of dollars from the UAW, including dues paid by hard working union members, to fund an extravagant lifestyle for him and other high-ranking UAW officers,” said Thomas Murray, District Director, U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Labor-Management Standards.  “OLMS will continue to work with its fellow law enforcement partners and the U.S. Attorney’s Office to remove corrupt union officers and other officials within the UAW International Union.”

The case is being prosecuted by Assistant U.S. Attorneys David A. Gardey, Steven Cares, and Adriana Dydell.

Michael Grimes, a former high-level official in the UAW’s General Motors Department, was sentenced to 28 months in federal prison today for conspiring with other UAW officials to engage in honest services fraud by taking over $1.5 million in bribes and kickbacks from UAW vendors and contractors and for conspiring to launder the proceeds of the scheme, announced U.S. Attorney Matthew Schneider.

Joining in the announcement were Irene Lindow, Special Agent in Charge of the U.S. Department of Labor – Office of Inspector General, Steven M. D’Antuono, Special Agent in Charge of the Detroit, Michigan office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Sarah Kull, Special Agent in Charge of the Detroit, Michigan office of the Internal Revenue Service – Criminal Investigations, and Thomas Murray, District Director, U.S. Department of Labor – Office of Labor-Management Standards.

In September, Michael Grimes, 66, of Ft. Myers, Florida, who is a native of Grand Blanc, Michigan, pleaded guilty to conspiring with two other high-level UAW officials—Joseph Ashton and Jeffrey Pietrzyk—to take millions of dollars in bribes and kickbacks from vendors doing business with the joint UAW-GM Center for Human Resources (CHR). Ashton, 71, of Ocean View, New Jersey, and Pietrzyk, 78, of Grand Island, New York, have since pleaded guilty. This “pay to play” scheme which began in 2006, and lasted over twelve years, reaped Grimes over $1.5 million which he spent on property, houses, cosmetic surgery for a relative, and a host of other items which never benefited the UAW membership.

The CHR is supposed to be a center for training UAW workers employed by GM. But Grimes, Pietrzyk, and Ahston, each of whom served on the Executive Board for the CHR, abused the power they had to approve contracts with vendors for watches, jackets, backpacks, and UAW stores at GM manufacturing facilities, and demanded kickbacks for their own financial gain. For example, in 2011, Grimes, Ashton and Pietrzyk demanded that a vendor give them a $300,000 kickback on a $6 million contract to purchase 50,000 jackets emblazoned with “Team UAW-GM.”  Grimes collected the $300,000 kickback and delivered the proceeds to Ashton and Pietrzyk. Grimes demanded an additional kickback of $525,000 from the same vendor for the same jacket contract. 

In another scheme to defraud, Grimes, Ashton and Pietrzyk demanded kickbacks on a $3.9 million contract for the CHR to buy 58,000 watches for all UAW members employed by GM. The UAW officials demanded over $300,000 in kickbacks on the watch contract to be distributed between 2013 through 2016. Some of the kickbacks were distributed in the form of checks disguised as tens of thousands of dollars in payments for “antique furniture.” The majority of the kickbacks were distributed as cash.  In 2014, the UAW-GM CHR received the 58,000 watches from the vendor. However, the watches were never distributed to UAW members.  Instead, the watches have been sitting in storage in a warehouse for over five years.                    

Grimes also conspired to launder the proceeds of the kickback scheme by using a series of complicated schemes, including funneling the money through a sham consulting company run by a relative, to conceal and disguise the bribes and kickbacks. 

As part of this investigation, the government has forfeited money and real property from Grimes totaling over $1.5 million.  

Grimes is one of many to plead guilty and be sentenced in connection with the ongoing criminal investigation into corruption within the UAW. The following individuals have already pleaded guilty to their participation in the scheme and have been sentenced: former FCA Vice President for Employee Relations Alphons Iacobelli (66 months in prison), former FCA Financial Analyst Jerome Durden (15 months in prison), former Director of FCA’s Employee Relations Department Michael Brown (12 months in prison), former senior UAW officials Virdell King (60 days in prison), Keith Mickens (12 months in prison), Nancy A. Johnson (12 months in prison), Monica Morgan, the widow of UAW Vice President General Holiefield (18 months in prison), and former UAW Vice President Norwood Jewell (15 months in prison). Most recently, former UAW Region 5 Director Vance Pearson pleaded guilty last week.      

U.S. Attorney Schneider commended the outstanding work of the Internal Revenue Service – Criminal Investigations, the U.S. Department of Labor – Office of Labor-Management Standards and Office of Inspector General, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation in conducting a comprehensive criminal investigation into labor corruption activities involving a vital sector of the local and national economy.

“It is imperative that the UAW leadership continues to be held accountable to their fiduciary duties and responsibilities,” said United States Attorney Matthew Schneider. “Today’s sentence represents another step forward in our efforts to target and prosecute corrupt UAW leaders who place their drive for personal enrichment ahead of the mission of the union.” 

“Michael Grimes engaged in a fraudulent scheme to deprive the International United Auto Workers Union of his honest services by demanding and accepting over $1.5 million in bribes and kickbacks from vendors. Grimes' criminal actions were an effort to enrich himself at the expense of dues-paying UAW members.  We will continue to work with our law enforcement partners to investigate those who facilitate illegal payments to union officials entrusted to negotiate on behalf of union members,” stated Irene Lindow, Special Agent-in-Charge, Chicago Region, U.S. Department of Labor Office of Inspector General.

“The trail of money has led to the truth, an ugly truth of bribery, kickbacks and sham corporations, ultimately netting Michael Grimes $1.5 million dollars at the expense of UAW workers.  Today’s sentence brings the UAW one step closer to removing the greedy and corrupt leadership that once embodied UAW officials across the country,” said Sarah Kull, Special Agent in Charge of Detroit’s IRS Criminal Investigation.

“Michael Grimes failed his fiduciary duties as a UAW official and betrayed the trust of the UAW membership when he used his union position to demand bribes and kickbacks from vendors in excess of $1.5 million so that he could enrich himself and other UAW officials,” said Thomas Murray, District Director, U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Labor-Management Standards.  “Today's conviction leaves no question as to the agency’s commitment to seek justice when anyone puts personal financial gain ahead of the best interests of their fellow union members.”

The case is being prosecuted by Assistant U.S. Attorneys Frances Carlson and Eaton Brown.

Vance Pearson, the former Director of the United Auto Worker’s Region 5 and a former member of the UAW’s International Executive Board, pleaded guilty today to conspiring with other UAW officials to embezzle hundreds of thousands of dollars of UAW dues money and to further racketeering activity announced U.S. Attorney Matthew Schneider.

Joining in the announcement were Irene Lindow, Special Agent in Charge of the U.S. Department of Labor – Office of Inspector General, Steven M. D’Antuono, Special Agent in Charge of the Detroit, Michigan office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Sarah Kull, Special Agent in Charge of the Detroit, Michigan office of the Internal Revenue Service – Criminal Investigations, and Thomas Murray, District Director, U.S. Department of Labor – Office of Labor-Management Standards.

Vance Pearson, 58, of St. Charles, Missouri, pleaded guilty to conspiring to embezzle UAW dues money and conspiring to use a facility of interstate commerce to aid racketeering crimes between 2010 and September 2019.  Between June 2018 and September 2019, Pearson served as the Director of Region 5 of the International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace, and Agricultural Workers of America (“UAW”).  The UAW’s Region 5 is headquartered in Hazelwood, Missouri, and covers the tens of thousands of UAW members in Missouri and the sixteen states to the southwest, including California and Texas.  As Region 5 Director, Pearson was a member of the UAW’s International Executive Board, which governs the affairs of the union.  Between 2016 and June 2018, Pearson served as the Assistant Director of Region 5.   

During the plea hearing, Pearson admitted that he conspired with at least six other senior UAW officials in a multiyear conspiracy to embezzle money from the UAW for the personal benefit of Pearson and other senior UAW officials.  Pearson and other UAW officials concealed personal expenditures in the cost of UAW Region 5 conferences held in Palm Springs, California, Coronado, California, and Missouri.  Between 2010 and 2018, Pearson and other UAW officials submitted fraudulent expense forms seeking reimbursement from the UAW’s Detroit headquarters for expenditures supposedly incurred in connection with Region 5 leadership and training conferences.  In truth, however, Pearson and his co-conspirators used the conferences to conceal the hundreds of thousands of dollars in UAW funds spent on lavish entertainment and personal spending for the conspirators. 

For example, Pearson and other senior UAW officials used UAW money to buy sets of golf clubs, individual clubs, and other golf equipment that cost thousands of dollars.  They spent over $100,000 to purchase golf clothing, shirts, hats, sunglasses, golf balls, jackets, and fashion shorts from various pro shops at golf courses in California and Missouri.  And they spent tens of thousands of dollars in UAW funds at the Indian Canyons golf course in Palm Springs on green fees for golfing outside of the time of the UAW conferences.

Pearson and other UAW officials also spent hundreds of thousands of dollars in UAW funds to rent villas in gated communities in Palm Springs for senior UAW officials for long periods of time outside of the dates set for the UAW conferences.  In one instance, a high-level UAW official received the use of a Palm Springs villa for four months, all paid for with UAW funds.     UAW funds were also used to pay for meals for senior UAW officials at high-end restaurants outside the time periods of the UAW conferences.                

As part of the conspiracy, Pearson and his co-conspirators embezzled over $60,000 in UAW funds for the purchase of boxes of cigars, humidors, cigar cutting equipment, and lighters from 2014 to 2018.  The costs of the cigars were hidden within the expenses for the Region 5 conferences.  Pearson caused the UAW to file false reports with the Department of Labor wherein the various embezzlement activity was concealed.

During search warrants executed by federal law enforcement in August 2019 in connection with the investigation, agents recovered dozens of cigars, humidors, and other tobacco-related items in the personal residences of UAW officials.  In addition, agents seized hundreds of high-end bottles of liquor, hundreds of golf shirts, multiple sets of golf clubs, and over thirty thousand dollars in cash.  Agents seized sets of golf clubs from Pearson’s UAW office and from the home of another UAW official which were paid for with embezzled UAW funds.

Besides conspiring with other UAW officials to embezzle UAW funds, Pearson also conspired with UAW officials to aid racketeering crimes by using a facility of interstate commerce, in this case, the internet and electronic mail, to aid racketeering activity.

Based on his racketeering and embezzlement conspiracy conviction, Pearson faces a maximum of five years in prison and a fine of up to $250,000.

As part of his guilty plea, Pearson agreed to forfeit $81,000 from his so-called “Flower Fund.”  A UAW Regional Director’s Flower Fund was ostensibly to be used for the purchase of flowers for the funerals of UAW members and their families.  In practice, however, UAW officials have been forced to pay into the flower funds and the money has been exploited by senior UAW officials for their own personal use.  In addition, Pearson agreed to forfeit $38,000 held in a “Members in Solidarity,” which was an account ostensibly to be used for campaign expenses associated with UAW elections.  Finally, Pearson agreed to forfeit the set of custom made Titleist golf clubs seized from his office and which was paid for with UAW dues money.          

Pearson is the twelfth defendant to plead guilty in connection with the ongoing criminal investigation into illegal payoffs to UAW officials by FCA executives and corruption within the UAW itself.  The following individuals have already pleaded guilty to their participation in the scheme and have been sentenced:  former FCA Vice President for Employee Relations Alphons Iacobelli (66 months in prison), former FCA Financial Analyst Jerome Durden (15 months in prison), former Director of FCA’s Employee Relations Department Michael Brown (12 months in prison), former senior UAW officials Virdell King (60 days in prison), Keith Mickens (12 months in prison), Nancy A. Johnson (12 months in prison), Monica Morgan, the widow of UAW Vice President General Holiefield (18 months in prison), and former UAW Vice President Norwood Jewell (15 months in prison).  In addition, the following UAW officials have pleaded guilty and are awaiting sentencing:  former UAW Vice President Joseph Ashton, former senior UAW official Michael Grimes, and former senior UAW official Jeffrey “Paycheck” Pietrzyk.  Former UAW Official Edward “Nick” Robinson has been charged in a criminal information, and his case is still pending.         

U.S. Attorney Schneider commended the outstanding work of the Internal Revenue Service – Criminal Investigations, the U.S. Department of Labor – Office of Labor-Management Standards and Office of Inspector General, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation in conducting a comprehensive criminal investigation into labor corruption activities involving a vital sector of the local and national economy.

“Today’s guilty plea is one more leap forward in our drive to prosecute corruption at the highest levels of the United Auto Workers union,” said United States Attorney Matthew Schneider.  “The UAW needs to be led by men and women of integrity who are dedicated to bettering the lives of the hard-working members of the union, not dedicated to lining their own pockets.” 

“Vance Pearson conspired with senior UAW officials to embezzle hundreds of thousands of dollars in union dues to further their racketeering activity.  His actions were an effort to personally enrich himself at the expense of dues-paying UAW members. We will continue to work with our law enforcement partners to protect the financial integrity of labor organizations,” stated Irene Lindow, Special Agent-in-Charge, Chicago Region, U.S. Department of Labor Office of Inspector General.

“Mr. Pearson is the twelfth UAW official to plead guilty as a result of a criminal investigation which has made clear that corruption has become systemic within this organization,” said SAC D’Antuono. “The FBI and our law enforcement partners are committed to doing what is necessary to restore this great organization to its original purpose – serving hard-working union families, not enriching the powerful few.”

“As Director of the UAW’s Region 5, Vance Pearson was responsible for serving the interests of tens of thousands of UAW members across 16 states. Instead, Pearson assisted in orchestrating an ongoing criminal enterprise to enjoy a life of absolute luxury, spending hundreds of thousands of dollars with his co-conspirators in union member dues on golf, custom clubs, cigars, booze, vacations and high-end restaurants.  IRS-CI is committed to investigating crimes of embezzlement, conspiracy and racketeering,” stated Sarah Kull, Special Agent in Charge of Detroit’s IRS Criminal Investigation.   

“Vance Pearson failed his fiduciary duties as a UAW officer when he used his position to embezzle over $100,000 of UAW funds so he and his co-conspirators could live a lavish lifestyle at the expense of the union members he was elected to represent,” said Thomas Murray, District Director, U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Labor-Management Standards.  “OLMS will continue to work with the U.S. Attorney’s Office and our fellow law enforcement agencies to eliminate the corruption within the UAW International Union.”

The case is being prosecuted by Assistant U.S. Attorneys David A. Gardey Steven Cares.

Joseph Ashton, former Vice President of the UAW’s General Motors Department, pleaded guilty today to conspiring with other UAW officials to engage in honest services fraud by taking $250,000 in bribes and kickbacks from a UAW vendor and to conspiring to launder the proceeds of the scheme announced U.S. Attorney Matthew Schneider.

Joining in the announcement were Irene Lindow, Special Agent in Charge of the U.S. Department of Labor – Office of Inspector General, Steven M. D’Antuono, Special Agent in Charge of the Detroit, Michigan office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Manny Muriel, Special Agent in Charge of the Detroit, Michigan office of the Internal Revenue Service – Criminal Investigations, and Thomas Murray, District Director, U.S. Department of Labor – Office of Labor-Management Standards.

Joseph Ashton, 71, of Ocean View, NJ, pleaded guilty to conspiring to engage in honest services wire fraud and to conspiring to launder money between 2012 and 2016.  During the plea hearing, Ashton admitted that he conspired with Michael Grimes and Jeffery Pietrzyk, two former high-level UAW officials in the UAW’s GM Department who previously pled guilty to the same crimes, to take hundreds of thousands of dollars in bribes and kickbacks from vendors doing business with the joint UAW-GM Center for Human Resources.  The Center for Human Resources is supposed to be a center for training UAW workers employed by GM.  Ashton was the co-director of the Center for Human Resources. Ashton, Pietrzyk and Grimes also served on the Executive Board for the Center for Human Resources and they were responsible for approving contracts with the vendors. Ashton admitted that over the course of the conspiracy, he and the other two UAW officials demanded and accepted bribes and kickbacks from a vendor based in Philadelphia, PA, in exchange for securing or maintaining a contract to provide custom watches to the Center for Human Resources.

Ashton and his UAW co-conspirators demanded kickbacks on the $3.9 million contract for the Center for Human Resources to buy 58,000 watches for all UAW members employed by GM. The UAW officials demanded over $250,000 in kickbacks on the watch contract to be distributed between 2013 through 2016.  Some of the kickbacks were distributed in the form of checks payable to Ashton which were deposited into his personal bank account. The majority of the kickbacks were distributed as cash.  In 2014, the UAW-GM Center for Human Resources received the 58,000 watches from the vendor.  However, the watches were never distributed to UAW members.  Instead, the watches have been sitting in storage in a warehouse for over five years.                    

Besides conspiring with other UAW officials and vendors to the UAW, Ashton also admitted that he conspired to launder the proceeds of the kickback scheme by using various methods to conceal and disguise the bribes and kickbacks through a lengthy and complicated series of financial transactions.  

Ashton is the eleventh defendant to plead guilty in connection with the ongoing criminal investigation into illegal payoffs to UAW officials by FCA executives and corruption within the UAW itself. The following individuals have already pleaded guilty to their participation in the scheme and have been sentenced:  former FCA Vice President for Employee Relations Alphons Iacobelli (66 months in prison), former FCA Financial Analyst Jerome Durden (15 months in prison), former Director of FCA’s Employee Relations Department Michael Brown (12 months in prison), former senior UAW officials Virdell King (60 days in prison), Keith Mickens (12 months in prison), Nancy A. Johnson (12 months in prison), Monica Morgan, the widow of UAW Vice President General Holiefield (18 months in prison), and former UAW Vice President Norwood Jewell (15 months in prison). Jeffery Pietrzyk and Michael Grimes have pleaded guilty and are awaiting sentencing.  

U.S. Attorney Schneider commended the outstanding work of the Internal Revenue Service – Criminal Investigations, the U.S. Department of Labor – Office of Labor-Management Standards and Office of Inspector General, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation in conducting a comprehensive criminal investigation into labor corruption activities involving a vital sector of the local and national economy.

“The hard-working members of the UAW deserve to be represented by union officials dedicated to providing honest representation free of corruption and greed, and today’s guilty plea is another step in the right direction,” stated US Attorney Schneider.

“Joseph Ashton abused the power of his position in the UAW to brazenly demand kickbacks from a vendor. His actions deprived union members of the honest services they expect and deserve from those who are elected to make decisions in the union's best interest,” said SAC D’Antuono. “The FBI is committed to fighting such corruption, which does real and lasting damage to the trust union members should have in their elected leadership."

 “Joseph Ashton was elected to represent and bargain in the best interests of the UAW members, but instead he used his position to enrich himself and others within the UAW” said Thomas Murray, District Director, U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Labor-Management Standards.  “Protecting members against corruption perpetrated by their union leaders is critical to the mission of OLMS.”

“Joseph Ashton engaged in a fraudulent scheme to deprive the International United Auto Workers Union of his honest services by demanding and accepting over $250,000 in kickbacks from a vendor. Instead of bargaining in the best interests of the UAW members, he chose to personally enrich himself. We will continue to work with our law enforcement partners to protect the financial integrity of labor organizations,” stated Irene Lindow, Special Agent-in-Charge, Chicago Region, U.S. Department of Labor Office of Inspector General.

The case is being prosecuted by Assistant U.S. Attorneys Frances Carlson and Eaton Brown.

Jeffery Pietrzyk, a former high-level official in the UAW’s General Motors Department, pleaded guilty today to conspiring with other UAW officials to engage in honest services fraud by taking over $123,000 in bribes and kickbacks from UAW vendors and contractors and to conspiring to launder the proceeds of the scheme announced U.S. Attorney Matthew Schneider.

Joining in the announcement were Irene Lindow, Special Agent in Charge of the U.S. Department of Labor – Office of Inspector General, Steven M. D’Antuono, Special Agent in Charge of the Detroit, Michigan office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Manny Muriel, Special Agent in Charge of the Detroit, Michigan office of the Internal Revenue Service – Criminal Investigations, and Thomas Murray, District Director, U.S. Department of Labor – Office of Labor-Management Standards.

Jeffery Pietrzyk, 74, of Grand Island, NY, pleaded guilty to conspiring to engage in honest services wire fraud and to conspiring to launder money between 2006 and 2018.  During the plea hearing, Pietrzyk admitted that he conspired with two other high-level UAW officials in the UAW’s GM Department to take millions of dollars in bribes and kickbacks from vendors doing business with the joint UAW-GM Center for Human Resources.  The Center for Human Resources is supposed to be a center for training UAW workers employed by GM.  Pietrzyk and the other UAW officials served on the Executive Board for the Center for Human Resources, and they were responsible for approving contracts with the vendors. Pietrzyk admitted that over the course of the twelve year conspiracy, he and the other two UAW officials demanded and accepted bribes and kickbacks from the vendors in exchange for securing or maintaining contracts with the Center for Human Resources or with the UAW’s GM Department.    

Pietrzyk and his co-conspirators took bribes and kickbacks from the vendors in exchange for contracts with the UAW and/or the Center for Human Resources for watches, jackets, and UAW stores at GM manufacturing facilities.  For example, in 2011, Pietrzyk and two other UAW officials demanded that a vendor give them a $300,000 kickback on a $6 million contract to purchase 50,000 jackets emblazoned with “Team UAW-GM.”  One UAW official collected the $300,000 kickback and delivered the proceeds to Pietrzyk, who in turn delivered the money to another UAW official. 

In another corrupted contract, Pietrzyk and his UAW co-conspirators demanded kickbacks on a $3.9 million contract for the Center for Human Resources to buy 58,000 watches for all UAW members employed by GM.  The UAW officials demanded over $300,000 in kickbacks on the watch contract to be distributed between 2013 through 2016.  Some of the kickbacks were distributed in the form of checks disguised as tens of thousands of dollars in payments for “antique furniture” which were deposited into Pietrzyk’s personal bank account. The majority of the kickbacks were distributed as cash.  In 2014, the UAW-GM Center for Human Resources received the 58,000 watches from the vendor.  However, the watches were never distributed to UAW members.  Instead, the watches have been sitting in storage in a warehouse for over five years.                    

Besides conspiring with other UAW officials and vendors to the UAW, Pietrzyk also admitted that he conspired to launder the proceeds of the kickback scheme by using various methods to conceal and disguise the bribes and kickbacks through a lengthy and complicated series of financial transactions.  

Pietrzyk is the tenth defendant to plead guilty in connection with the ongoing criminal investigation into illegal payoffs to UAW officials by FCA executives and corruption within the UAW itself. The following individuals have already pleaded guilty to their participation in the scheme and have been sentenced:  former FCA Vice President for Employee Relations Alphons Iacobelli (66 months in prison), former FCA Financial Analyst Jerome Durden (15 months in prison), former Director of FCA’s Employee Relations Department Michael Brown (12 months in prison), former senior UAW officials Virdell King (60 days in prison), Keith Mickens (12 months in prison), Nancy A. Johnson (12 months in prison), Monica Morgan, the widow of UAW Vice President General Holiefield (18 months in prison), and former UAW Vice President Norwood Jewell (15 months in prison). Michael Grimes has pleaded guilty and is awaiting sentencing.   

U.S. Attorney Schneider commended the outstanding work of the Internal Revenue Service – Criminal Investigations, the U.S. Department of Labor – Office of Labor-Management Standards and Office of Inspector General, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation in conducting a comprehensive criminal investigation into labor corruption activities involving a vital sector of the local and national economy.

“The hard-working members of the UAW deserve to be represented by union officials dedicated to providing honest representation free of corruption and greed, and today’s guilty plea is another step in the right direction,” stated US Attorney Schneider.

“Jeffrey Pietrzyk engaged in a fraudulent scheme to deprive the International United Auto Workers Union of his honest services by demanding and accepting over $120,000 in bribes and kickbacks from vendors. Instead of bargaining in the best interests of the UAW members, he chose to personally enrich himself. We will continue to work with our law enforcement partners to protect the financial integrity of labor organizations,” stated Irene Lindow, Special Agent-in-Charge, Chicago Region, U.S. Department of Labor Office of Inspector General.

“In his official role, Mr. Pietrzyk was charged with protecting the interests of his fellow union employees, but today he admitted to abdicating this responsibility to serve his own interests,” said Steven M. D’Antuono, Special Agent in Charge of the FBI’s Detroit Field Office.  “We will continue to work with our law enforcement partners to investigate corruption and ensure the financial integrity of our country's labor unions.”

“Bribes, kickbacks, and money laundering permeated UAW culture for years and years, all at the expense of its membership.  Today’s guilty plea is yet another reminder that the Internal Revenue Service – Criminal Investigation and its law enforcement partners are dedicated to uncovering and stopping illegal and corrupt business leaders from taking advantage of not only their employees, but also the American tax payers,” said Special Agent in Charge Muriel, Detroit Field Office, Internal Revenue Service – Criminal Investigations.  

“Jeffery Pietrzyk betrayed the trust of the union membership when he used his position to enrich himself and others within the UAW by accepting bribes and kickbacks from UAW vendors and contractors,” said Thomas Murray, District Director, U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Labor-Management Standards.  “Protecting members against corruption perpetrated by their union leaders is critical to the mission of OLMS.”

The case is being prosecuted by Assistant U.S. Attorneys Frances Carlson and Eaton Brown.

Michael Grimes, a former high-level official in the UAW’s General Motors Department, pleaded guilty today to conspiring with other UAW officials to engage in honest services fraud by taking over $1.5 million in bribes and kickbacks from UAW vendors and contractors and to conspiring to launder the proceeds of the scheme announced U.S. Attorney Matthew Schneider.

Joining in the announcement were Irene Lindow, Special Agent in Charge of the U.S. Department of Labor – Office of Inspector General, Rainer S. Drolshagen, Acting Special Agent in Charge of the Detroit, Michigan office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Manny Muriel, Special Agent in Charge of the Detroit, Michigan office of the Internal Revenue Service – Criminal Investigations, and Thomas Murray, District Director, U.S. Department of Labor – Office of Labor-Management Standards.

Michael Grimes, 65, of Ft. Myers, Florida, who is a native of Grand Blanc, Michigan, pleaded guilty to conspiring to engage in honest services wire fraud and to conspiring to launder money between 2006 and 2018.  During the plea hearing, Grimes admitted that he conspired with two other high-level UAW officials in the UAW’s GM Department to take millions of dollars in bribes and kickbacks from vendors doing business with the joint UAW-GM Center for Human Resources.  The Center for Human Resources is supposed to be a center for training UAW workers employed by GM.  Grimes and the other UAW officials served on the Executive Board for the Center for Human Resources, and they were responsible for approving contracts with the vendors.  Grimes admitted that over the course of the twelve year conspiracy, he and the other two UAW officials demanded bribes and kickbacks from the vendors in exchange for securing or maintaining contracts with the Center for Human Resources or with the UAW’s GM Department.    

Grimes and his co-conspirators took bribes and kickbacks from the vendors in exchange for contracts with the UAW and/or the Center for Human Resources for watches, jackets, backpacks, and UAW stores at GM manufacturing facilities.  For example, in 2011, Grimes and two other UAW officials demanded that a vendor give them a $300,000 kickback on a $6 million contract to purchase 50,000 jackets emblazoned with “Team UAW-GM.”  Grimes collected the $300,000 kickback and delivered the proceeds to two other UAW officials.  In addition, Grimes demanded an additional kickback for $525,000 from the same vendor for the same jacket contract. 

In another corrupted contract, Grimes and his UAW co-conspirators demanded kickbacks on a $3.9 million contract for the Center for Human Resources to buy 58,000 watches for all UAW members employed by GM.  The UAW officials demanded over $300,000 in kickbacks on the watch contract to be distributed between 2013 through 2016.  Some of the kickbacks were distributed in the form of checks disguised as tens of thousands of dollars in payments for “antique furniture.”  The majority of the kickbacks were distributed as cash.  In 2014, the UAW-GM Center for Human Resources received the 58,000 watches from the vendor.  However, the watches were never distributed to UAW members.  Instead, the watches have been sitting in storage in a warehouse for over five years.                    

Besides conspiring with other UAW officials and vendors to the UAW, Grimes also admitted that he conspired to launder the proceeds of the kickback scheme by using various methods to conceal and disguise the bribes and kickbacks through a lengthy and complicated series of financial transactions involving millions of dollars.  

Grimes is the ninth defendant to plead guilty in connection with the ongoing criminal investigation into illegal payoffs to UAW officials by FCA executives and corruption within the UAW itself.  The following individuals have already pleaded guilty to their participation in the scheme and have been sentenced:  former FCA Vice President for Employee Relations Alphons Iacobelli (66 months in prison), former FCA Financial Analyst Jerome Durden (15 months in prison), former Director of FCA’s Employee Relations Department Michael Brown (12 months in prison), former senior UAW officials Virdell King (60 days in prison), Keith Mickens (12 months in prison), Nancy A. Johnson (12 months in prison), Monica Morgan, the widow of UAW Vice President General Holiefield (18 months in prison), and former UAW Vice President Norwood Jewell (15 months in prison).      

U.S. Attorney Schneider commended the outstanding work of the Internal Revenue Service – Criminal Investigations, the U.S. Department of Labor – Office of Labor-Management Standards and Office of Inspector General, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation in conducting a comprehensive criminal investigation into labor corruption activities involving a vital sector of the local and national economy.

“The hard-working members of the UAW deserve to be represented by leaders who give them true leadership — and that means leadership that isn’t driven by corruption and greed,” said United States Attorney Matthew Schneider.  “Today’s guilty plea is another step in the right direction of our battle against corruption in the union leadership.”

“Michael Grimes abused his former fiduciary position as an International United Auto Workers Union official by demanding and accepting over $1.5 million in kickbacks from vendors.  Grimes chose greed over bargaining in the best interest of UAW members to personally enrich himself.  We will continue to work with our law enforcement partners to protect the financial integrity of labor organizations,” stated Irene Lindow, Special Agent-in-Charge, Chicago Region, U.S. Department of Labor Office of Inspector General.

"Today’s guilty plea highlights a years-long criminal investigation of wrongdoing between high ranking UAW officials and vendors,” said Acting Special Agent in Charge Drolshagen. “The FBI and our federal partners will remain vigilant in our efforts to expose these corrupt fraud schemes that continue to undermine the trust and hard work of union members.”

“For more than a decade Michael Grimes and other UAW officials were part of a corruption club that conspired to launder proceeds generated from the illegal kickback scheme.  Grimes and others concealed the source of the money through a series of convoluted transactions totaling millions of dollars.  This behavior served one purpose; self-enrichment and this greed became an epidemic throughout the corruption club,” stated Manny Muriel, Special Agent in Charge of Detroit’s IRS Criminal Investigation.

“Michael Grimes betrayed the trust of the union membership who rightfully expected him, as a union official, to protect and safeguard their union’s funds and assets instead of using his position to enrich himself and others within the UAW,” said Thomas Murray, District Director, U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Labor-Management Standards.  “The charges filed against Grime leaves no question as to the agency’s commitment to seek justice when anyone puts personal financial gain ahead of the best interests of union members.”

The case is being prosecuted by Assistant U.S. Attorneys Frances Carlson,  Eaton Brown and Adriana Dydell.

Docket (0 Docs):   https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1HLb1wNHCAQO3gBha5JWcpKJo7MxNhFiaLhen_33ZiKE
  Last Updated: 2024-04-12 08:00:21 UTC
Description: The fiscal year of the data file obtained from the AOUSC
Format: YYYY

Description: The code of the federal judicial circuit where the case was located
Format: A2

Description: The code of the federal judicial district where the case was located
Format: A2

Description: The code of the district office where the case was located
Format: A2

Description: Docket number assigned by the district to the case
Format: A7

Description: A unique number assigned to each defendant in a case which cannot be modified by the court
Format: A3

Description: A unique number assigned to each defendant in a case which can be modified by the court
Format: A3

Description: A sequential number indicating whether a case is an original proceeding or a reopen
Format: N5

Description: Case type associated with the current defendant record
Format: A2

Description: A concatenation of district, office, docket number, case type, defendant number, and reopen sequence number
Format: A18

Description: A concatenation of district, office, docket number, case type, and reopen sequence number
Format: A15

Description: The status of the defendant as assigned by the AOUSC
Format: A2

Description: A code indicating the fugitive status of a defendant
Format: A1

Description: The date upon which a defendant became a fugitive
Format: YYYYMMDD

Description: The date upon which a fugitive defendant was taken into custody
Format: YYYYMMDD

Description: The date when a case was first docketed in the district court
Format: YYYYMMDD

Description: The date upon which proceedings in a case commenced on charges pending in the district court where the defendant appeared, or the date of the defendant’s felony-waiver of indictment
Format: YYYYMMDD

Description: A code used to identify the nature of the proceeding
Format: N2

Description: The date when a defendant first appeared before a judicial officer in the district court where a charge was pending
Format: YYYYMMDD

Description: A code indicating the event by which a defendant appeared before a judicial officer in the district court where a charge was pending
Format: A2

Description: A code indicating the type of legal counsel assigned to a defendant
Format: N2

Description: The title and section of the U.S. Code applicable to the offense committed which carried the highest severity
Format: A20

Description: A code indicating the level of offense associated with FTITLE1
Format: N2

Description: The four digit AO offense code associated with FTITLE1
Format: A4

Description: The four digit D2 offense code associated with FTITLE1
Format: A4

Description: A code indicating the severity associated with FTITLE1
Format: A3

Description: The title and section of the U.S. Code applicable to the offense committed which carried the second highest severity
Format: A20

Description: A code indicating the level of offense associated with FTITLE2
Format: N2

Description: The four digit AO offense code associated with FTITLE2
Format: A4

Description: The four digit D2 offense code associated with FTITLE2
Format: A4

Description: A code indicating the severity associated with FTITLE2
Format: A3

Description: The FIPS code used to indicate the county or parish where an offense was committed
Format: A5

Description: The date of the last action taken on the record
Format: YYYYMMDD

Description: The date upon which judicial proceedings before the court concluded
Format: YYYYMMDD

Description: The date upon which the final sentence is recorded on the docket
Format: YYYYMMDD

Description: The date upon which the case was closed
Format: YYYYMMDD

Description: The total fine imposed at sentencing for all offenses of which the defendant was convicted and a fine was imposed
Format: N8

Description: A count of defendants filed including inter-district transfers
Format: N1

Description: A count of defendants filed excluding inter-district transfers
Format: N1

Description: A count of original proceedings commenced
Format: N1

Description: A count of defendants filed whose proceedings commenced by reopen, remand, appeal, or retrial
Format: N1

Description: A count of defendants terminated including interdistrict transfers
Format: N1

Description: A count of defendants terminated excluding interdistrict transfers
Format: N1

Description: A count of original proceedings terminated
Format: N1

Description: A count of defendants terminated whose proceedings commenced by reopen, remand, appeal, or retrial
Format: N1

Description: A count of defendants pending as of the last day of the period including long term fugitives
Format: N1

Description: A count of defendants pending as of the last day of the period excluding long term fugitives
Format: N1

Description: The source from which the data were loaded into the AOUSC’s NewSTATS database
Format: A10

Description: A sequential number indicating the iteration of the defendant record
Format: N2

Description: The date the record was loaded into the AOUSC’s NewSTATS database
Format: YYYYMMDD

Description: Statistical year ID label on data file obtained from the AOUSC which represents termination year
Format: YYYY

Data imported from FJC Integrated Database
F U C K I N G P E D O S R E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E